What Is Low-Grade Depression?

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD), also known as low-grade depression, is characterized by a consistently depressed mood for most of the day, over a period of at least two years in adults or one year in children and adolescents. PDD often begins early in life and may persist throughout adulthood.¹

PDD also goes by a number of alternative names, including:¹

• Chronic depression

• Dysthymic disorder

• Dysthymia

Diagnosis requires that these symptoms persist without a break of more than two months during the two-year period. Furthermore, the symptoms must not be caused by the effects of substances like drugs or alcohol, another medical condition, or a psychotic disorder. A complete medical history is essential for ruling out other possible causes and confirming the presence of PDD.¹ 

In many cases, low-level depression becomes a chronic condition, with symptoms that may wax and wane for years without ever resolving completely. Persons with this condition also have a heightened risk of developing suicidal ideation, as well as behavioral impairments that can be even more severe than those associated with major depressive disorder (MDD).¹

Women are more likely than men to suffer from PDD. Its exact cause remains unclear, although it is known to run in families.² Learning how to manage ongoing depression of this type can result in dramatic improvements in overall quality of life.

Symptoms of Low-Grade Depression

Not all cases of “low-mood” depression are alike. Symptoms vary, with some sufferers experiencing a wide variety of recognized symptoms and others developing only a few. The most common symptoms of depression include:²

• Eating too much or too little
• Sleeping too much or too little           
• Persistent fatigue or low energy 
• Difficulty concentrating
• Low self-esteem

• Feelings of hopelessness

Sufferers of low-grade depression experience two or more of these symptoms on a nearly continuous basis.² 

Low-Grade vs Major Depression

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) differ in duration and intensity. PDD is a chronic, long-lasting condition where symptoms are less severe but persist for at least two years (one year for minors). Individuals may experience low mood most of the time but can function in daily life, although it may be with difficulty. MDD, on the other hand, involves more intense depressive episodes that last at least two weeks.³ 

Treatment for Low-Grade Depression

Treatment for persistent depressive disorder involves one or more of the following:

• Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is a primary treatment for depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be particularly effective in helping people identify and change negative thought patterns that contribute to their chronic depressive state. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) is another approach that focuses on improving relationships and social functioning by helping individuals build stronger communication skills, develop supportive social networks, and manage life events or challenges that may influence their mood or contribute to depression.^4,5      

• Medications

Medications are often prescribed to help manage the symptoms of PDD. Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are commonly used. These medications help balance neurotransmitters in the brain, which can relieve depressive symptoms. Other types of antidepressants, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants, may also be used depending on individual’s response and any co-existing medical conditions.^4,6

• Lifestyle Changes

In addition to formal treatments, lifestyle changes can play an important role in managing PDD. Regular physical activity (be sure to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new exercise routine), a healthy diet, adequate sleep, and stress management techniques such as mindfulness or meditation can all contribute to improved mental health for those with a chronic depression diagnosis. Encouraging the adoption of these healthy habits can enhance the effectiveness of other treatments and support long-term recovery.⁴

The good news is that depression is considered highly treatable, and the vast majority of      people experience significant improvement from treatment. Most commonly, treatment involves antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or both.⁷ 

The behavioral health center at Crystal Run Healthcare is staffed by licensed clinical psychologists who have years of experience with treating depressive disorders. We have multiple locations across New York, in Middletown, Monroe, Newburgh, and West Nyack. If you have any questions or concerns about getting help for mild depression, feel free to call us at 845-703-6999.

Sources:

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Persistent Depressive Disorder, Updated 8/11/2024. Persistent Depressive Disorder | NCBI, Accessed 10/22/2024 
2. MedlinePlus. Persistent depressive disorder, Updated 7/28/2022. Persistent depressive disorder | MedlinePlus, Accessed 10/22/2024
3. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Health Topics: Depression, Updated 3/2024. Health Topics: Depression | NIMH, Accessed 10/22/2024
4. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Brochures and Fact Sheets: Depression, Updated 2024. Brochures and Fact Sheets: Depression | NIMH, Accessed 10/22/2024
5. Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA). Therapy. Therapy | DBSA, Accessed 10/22/2024
6. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Mental Health Medications, Updated 12/2023. Mental Health Medications | NIMH, Accessed 10/22/2024 
7. Mental Health America (MHA). Depression. Depression | MHA, Accessed 10/22/2024